基于"络病学说"分析虫类药在肿瘤患者治疗中的应用

“络病学说”作为重要的中医基础病机之一,近年来被广泛应用于肿瘤类疾病的临床诊疗中,其对于肿瘤的发生发展以及转移等机制研究与治疗均有理论指导意义。“络病”在形态与功能上与现代医学中的肿瘤微血管、微循环概念相似;瘀阻络脉与肿瘤患者血液高凝状态类似,故运用“通络法”抗肿瘤具有充足的理论依据。虫类药是动物药的别称,作为通络药的代表,善于搜刮剔络,在肿瘤的防治中起到了活血化瘀通络、攻毒散结通络、搜风解毒通络以及补益培本通络等作用。通过梳理“络病学说”的起源、发展与成熟阶段的主要思想内涵,整理并总结现代肿瘤治疗中“络病学说”的相关研究与应用,并分析虫类药在通络法中的具体应用,以期为开展中医络病防治肿瘤的临床应用提供理论依据。     

经络艾灸防治乳腺癌根治术后患侧上肢水肿的效果评价

目的观察循经艾灸预防乳腺癌患者根治术后上肢水肿的效果。方法采用便利抽样法选取乳腺外科乳腺癌根治术的患者150例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组75例。对照组行常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上在手术侧上肢循经艾灸。于术前1 d、术后第14天和术后1个月,测量两组患者患侧上肢水肿程度。结果观察组术后患侧上肢水肿发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论术后循经艾灸可有效预防乳腺癌根治术后患侧上肢水肿,提高患者舒适度。     

TGFβ promotes YAP‐dependent AXL induction in mesenchymal‐type lung cancer cells

The acquisition of chemoresistance remains a major cause of cancer mortality due to the limited accessibility of targeted or immune therapies. However, given that severe alterations of molecular features during epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) lead to acquired chemoresistance, emerging studies have focused on identifying targetable drivers associated with acquired chemoresistance. Particularly, AXL, a key receptor tyrosine kinase that confers resistance against targets and chemotherapeutics, is highly expressed in mesenchymal cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism of AXL induction in mesenchymal cancer cells is poorly understood. Our study revealed that the YAP signature, which was highly enriched in mesenchymal‐type lung cancer, was closely correlated to AXL expression in 181 lung cancer cell lines. Moreover, using isogenic lung cancer cell pairs, we also found that doxorubicin treatment induced YAP nuclear translocation in mesenchymal‐type lung cancer cells to induce AXL expression. Additionally, the concurrent activation of TGFβ signaling coordinated YAP‐dependent AXL expression through SMAD4. These data suggest that crosstalk between YAP and the TGFβ/SMAD axis upon treatment with chemotherapeutics might be a promising target to improve chemosensitivity in mesenchymal‐type lung cancer.

Abbreviations

AUC

area under the curve

AXL

AXL receptor tyrosine kinase

BCL2

B‐cell lymphoma 2

CTD2

cancer target discovery and development

CTGF

connective tissue growth factor

DEG

differentially expressed genes

DOXO

doxorubicin

EMT

epithelial–mesenchymal transition

Eto

etoposide

FDA

Food and Drug Administration

ITGB3

integrin beta‐3

MAPK

mitogen‐activated protein kinase

MMP2

matrix metalloproteinase‐2

MMP9

matrix metalloproteinase‐9

mRNA

messenger RNA

NF‐κB

nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells

SBE

SMAD binding element

SERPINE1

serpin family E member 1

siRNA

small interfering RNA

ssGSEA

single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis

TCGA

The Cancer Genome Atlas

TGFβ

transforming growth factor beta

YAP

Yes‐associated protein

YAP8SA

mutants of inhibitory phosphorylation site at eight serine to Alanine of YAP

ZEB1

zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1

ZEB2

zinc finger E‐box‐binding homeobox 2

     

高压氧治疗对局灶性脑梗死大鼠的神经保护作用

目的 观察单次9 h高压氧（hyp erbaric oxygen，HBO）治疗对局灶性脑梗死大鼠凋亡诱导因子 （apoptosis-inducing factor，AIF）、线粒体膜电位（mitochondrial membrane potential，MMPo）的影响，探讨 HBO治疗的神经保护作用。 方法 108只SD大鼠制作永久性大脑中动脉闭塞模型，随机分为对照组和HBO组，每组各54只。造 模成功3 h后，HBO组实行HBO干预，压力0.2 MPa持续9 h，对照组呼吸常压空气。采用Garcia评分评估 大鼠神经功能，比较两组造模后13 h、24 h和72 h神经功能改善情况，并在各时间点检测大鼠缺血半 暗带脑组织凋亡细胞数、线粒体和细胞核AIF表达及MMPo水平。 结果 ①神经功能评分：HBO组13 h（P <0.001）、24 h（P =0.04）神经功能评分改善比对照组更明显。 ②凋亡细胞数：HBO组13 h、24 h凋亡细胞数较对照组更少（均P <0.001）。③AIF在线粒体和细胞核的 表达：13 h、24 h、72 h各时间点HBO组AI F在线粒体的表达均较对照组多（均P <0.001）；各时间点HBO 组AIF在细胞核的表达均较对照组少（均P <0.001）。④MMPo：各时间点HBO组MMPo均高于对照组（均 P <0.001）。 结论 HBO治疗可改善大鼠神经功能，稳定MMPo，抑制AIF由线粒体向细胞核转移可能是其神经保 护作用的机制之一。     

中医药外治疗法治疗混合痔术后并发症临床研究概况

混合痔在其多样化的治疗方案中通过手术治疗是最主要的方法,但因肛管解剖结构和生理功能的特殊性、复杂性,且开放的术口会因排便刺激而损伤局部组织,造成肛门部水肿、疼痛、创面延期愈合等并发症出现,降低患者的生活质量并带来极大的身心痛苦。西医治疗主要是抗感染、止痛、止血等对症处理为主; 而中医治疗是以辨证论治为基础,达到消肿止痛、活血化瘀、抗炎促愈的目的,疗效稳定,尤其是中医外治疗法通过中药熏洗坐浴、灌肠塞肛及针灸敷药等方式直接作用于切口患处,减少胃肠道刺激,发挥多靶点、多环节、多层次的综合调控作用而增加疗效,其成本低、易操作、简便易行,能促进水肿消退、缓解疼痛、减少出血及创面早日愈合。现就混合痔术后并发症的中医药外治疗法进行综述如下。